The Deccan School, which developed on the territory of the Deccan Plateau since the 16th century, absorbed the traditions of painting of the Malawi Sultanate, as well as the South Indian traditions of the Vijayanagar School of Painting. An outstanding example of the painting of the Malawi Sultanate is the illustrated manuscript “Kalpa Sutras” dating from 1439, as well as a treatise on the art of cooking “NimatNama”. As a source for these arts there are the old arts.
Illustration for Nimat Name
The Deccan school of painting is characterized by rich and vibrant colors, which puts it in opposition to schools of the north. The main colors in the Deccan miniature are blue, red and pink. The main role here is played by symmetry. The figures of people, architectural structures, trees, flowers, pillows, folds on clothes and even the position of various parts of the body are placed on the canvas so that everything is in balance.
Deccan Miniature
- Many of the examples of deccan painting of the XVI century designed in Persian style, as local artists were descendants of artists invited to India from Persia. However, over time, the Persian elements were largely replaced by local ones.
- Later, when the Mughal style of painting, when Emperor Aurangzeb came to power, began to penetrate the territory of the dean sultanates of Ahmadnagar, Bijapur and Golkonda, the dean’s school was transformed, incorporating its special features.
- The most famous example of painting by Ahmadnagar is the illustrated manuscript of the poem Tarif-i-HussainShahi in Persian, the chronicle of Husain Nizam Shah 1565-1569.
- The painting of Bijapur is known for its illustrations to the book “Stars of Sciences” (Nujum-al-ulum) with numerous miniatures made in the characteristic Persian style. A distinctive feature of this style is the abundance of gold color and numerous flowering plants, since the court of Ali Adil Shah (Ali Adil Shah), who ruled from 1558 to 1580, worked as Persian masters of painting.
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Golkond Miniature
The migration of artists from the Mughal state contributed to the emergence of new painting centers on the Deccan Plateau, such as Hyderabad. The Hyderabad school of painting began to develop after the formation of the AsafJahi dynasty in 1724. The main characteristics of the Hyderabad style of painting are, like the Dean’s, juicy and expressive colors.
Hyderabad Miniature
The traditions of the decan school of painting turned out to be so strong that even in spite of the decline of the decanter sultanates, they continue to live and delight the eyes.
Tanjore Painting
Tanjore painting is one of the most popular forms of classical South Indian painting. Dense filling, an abundance of luxury elements, bright colors, as well as the use of inlaid with semiprecious stones, pearls and colored glass distinguish the Tanjore style from other types of painting. This relief work gives the paintings a three-dimensional effect.
Tanjore painting originated in the 11th century during the reign of the Tamil Chola dynasty. The princes of the Nayakov dynasty also patronized this art. The fall of the VijayanagarEmpire led to the mass migration of Vijayanagar artists to Tanjor (Tanjavur), which led to a mixture of artistic styles and brought the unique TanjoreSchool of painting to a new round of development.
During the reign of the monarchs of the Chola dynasty, early Tanjore painting was found only in the form of frescoes on the walls of temples and palaces. Later, with the predominance of the influence of the Nayak dynasty, frescoes began to give way to paintings. A vivid example of Tanjore painting from the time of Chola and Nayak are the frescoes of the temple of Brihadishvara in Tanjavur.